function parseInput(value, base) {
if (value.trim() === ”) return NaN;
return parseInt(value, base);
}

function formatOutput(value, bitWidth) {
const mask = (1 << bitWidth) – 1;
value = value & mask;
return {
binary: value.toString(2).padStart(bitWidth, '0'),
decimal: value.toString(10),
hex: value.toString(16).toUpperCase()
};
}

function calculateBitwise() {
const base = parseInt(document.getElementById("inputFormat").value);
const bitWidth = parseInt(document.getElementById("bitWidth").value);
const A = parseInput(document.getElementById("inputA").value, base);
const B = parseInput(document.getElementById("inputB").value, base);
const op = document.getElementById("operation").value;

const mask = (bitWidth === 32) ? 0xFFFFFFFF : (1 << bitWidth) – 1;
let result;

if (isNaN(A) || (["NOT"].indexOf(op) === -1 && isNaN(B))) {
document.getElementById("bitwiseResult").innerText = "Please enter valid inputs.";
return;
}

switch (op) {
case "AND":
result = A & B;
break;
case "OR":
result = A | B;
break;
case "XOR":
result = A ^ B;
break;
case "NOT":
result = (~A) & mask;
break;
case "LSHIFT":
result = (A <>> B) & mask;
break;
}